Dear students, if you want to deal with reported speech the key word is, I told you, CHECK, CHECK and always CHECK at the end.
These are the rules you have to follow and these are the ones you have to check
STATEMENTS:
you have to change the verb of the reported sentence one step backwards into the past
follow the instructions of this chart:
There are some other changes that you have to check :
example: "volunteers cleaned the beach yesterday"said John
John said that volunteers had cleaned the beach the day before
YES/NO QUESTIONS:
You can only answer YES or NO to these kind of questions. You choose one or the other.
In English you show this possibility of election by using IF or WHETHER
When you report a questions it is no longer a question, I mean, it becomes an affirmative sentence, so the order of the elements is subject-verb-complement
example:
Are they workingnow?" he asked
He asked if / whether they wereworkingthen
yes, the step backwards change in the verb also applies here, as well as the changing in the reference to the time of speaking. Always check this kind of elements before you finish the reporting. WH-QUESTIONS:
This kind of question needs an specific answer, the one asked by the wh-element ---that is, the interrogative pronoun.
The step backwards in the verb tense and the expressions denoting time reference also apply here
and, as I told you before, the question is no more a question when you report it, so the order in the sentence is:
wh-element+ subject+verb+complement
example: "What can we do to help now" they asked
They asked whatthey could do to help then.
OFFER and REQUEST: meaning "ofrezco y pido, requiero de (tu ayuda)"
These sentences can appear in the interrogative and in the affirmative form. You can choose the way you report them, following the ways of the questions or this --easier--way:
TO + VERB (in the bare infinitive form, without 'to')
there is no step backwards in these sentences, but ,again, you have to check the rest of the time reference in the sentence.
example of request "please, give us a talk about solar energy tomorrow"she said
she asked me to givethem a talk about solar energy the following day
example of offer: "I'll explain this to younext month"Greg said
Greg offered to explainthat to methe following month
WARNING: notice the change of the pronouns!!!!
Reference must be taken into account, you have to change the pronouns according to the reference towards the speaker, the same as when you are asked your name. See:
"What's your name? My name is .....
ORDER:
You can receive a positive order or a negative one.
You usually are given orders by the IMPERATIVE, but sometimes there are questions which are implicit orders:
(1) "Do the exercises!"
(2) "Can you do the exercises?" the teacher asked
both sentences are commands, orders. One explicit (1) and the other one implicit (2)
Again you can choose the way you report this sentence (2)-- following the ways or the questions or following this--easier--way:
when the order is affirmative : TO +VERB (in the bare infinitive form, without 'to')
when the order is negative: NOT +TO+VERB (in the bare infinitive form, without 'to')
example + order: "takeyour rubbish with you" he said
He told us to takeour rubbish with us
example - order : "don't dump the waste here!" he said
He told us not to dump the waste there
SUGGESTION:
We usually suggest things to other people in the form of an invitation to do something.
Sometimes the speaker includes him/herself in the invitation
In this case we find let's in the sentence:
"Let's do a project about environmental problems to rise our English mark" Enma said
Enma is included in the invitation to do the project
"they should use the recycling bins" Susan said
Susan is not included in the invitation, probably she already uses the recycling bins herself.
When we deal with reported speech, we sometimes doubt if an advise is a suggestion or something deeper and we doubt on the ways of reporting the structure.
Ok, now let's go to the reported structure:
We can mainly use two structures:
VERB+ING
THAT + SUBJECT+ INFINITIVE VERB
(it's a non-personal structure, so the verb you find is an infinitive no matter the subject)
example: "let's do a project" Anne said
Anne suggested doing a project
Anne suggested that we do a project
Let's see another example for you to see clearly that the verb in the THAT structure is an infinitive:
"you should do the project alone" Anne told Mary
Anne suggested Mary that she do the project alone
notice "she do" and not "she does"
Anyway, you can not use the OFFER, REQUEST or ORDER structure in the SUGGESTION structure
❌Anne suggested to do a project
The most commonly used verbs are SAY and TELL, but there are other verbs used in the reported speech that add intention to what's said
these are the REPORTING VERBS
Dear students, can you tell me which of these sentences are direct and /or indirect speech?
Now turn the direct into indirect and the other way round.
Make use of your notebooks
BILLIE JEAN (Tony Succar
VERSE - She was more like a beauty queen from a movie scene I said, "Don’t mind but what do you mean I am the one Who will dance on the floor in the round?" She said, "I am the one who will dance on the floor in the round"
She told me her name was Billie Jean As she caused a scene Then every head turned with eyes that dreamed of being the one Who will dance on the floor in the round
BRIDGE - People always told me, "Be careful of what you do And don’t go around breaking young girls hearts" And mother always told me, "Be careful of who you love And be careful of what you do ’cause the lie becomes the truth"
CHORUS - Billie Jean is not my lover She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one But the kid is not my son She says I am the one but the kid is not my son
VERSE - For forty days and forty nights, law was on her side But who can stand when she’s in demand, her schemes and plans So we danced on the floor in the round
So take my strong advice Just remember to always think twice Do think twice, do think twice
She told my baby, we were dancing still three Then she looked at me, then showed a photo My baby cried ’cause his eyes were like mine Though we'd dance on the floor in the round
BRIDGE 2 - People always told me, "Be careful of what you do And don’t go around breaking young girls hearts" But she came and stood right by me then the smell of sweet perfume This happened much too soon, she called me to her room
CHORUS - Billie Jean is not my lover She’s just a girl who claims that I am the one But the kid is not my son
INTERLUDIO –
MONTUNO 1 - *** BILLIE JEAN IS NOT MY LOVER
Billy Jean, she’I,s not my loooooo.
Tell her who and ……
She’s just a girl, who says that I am the one…..
MAMBO –
MONTUNO 2 – *** EL NIÑO NO ES MIO 1) Oyeme lo que te digo *** CONMIGO NO VA 2) Que ese niño, de quien será. 3) Te lo juro, no te miento 4) Que ha pasado el padre? Donde estará? 5) En la calle quedara, No ha vuelta mas. 6) Y a mi, que lastima me da.
There are some basic rules that you have to follow when you use MODAL VERBS Modal verbs are verbs such as CAN MUST SHOULD MAY COULD .....
1. NO USE OF AUXILIARY VERBS
I can run I can't run can I run ?
2. NO -S /-ES ENDING when preceeded by HE, SHE or IT
I can run she can run
3. ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE VERB
I can run I can't run Can I run?👍👍
You must remember the rulesof the verb TO BE to form the affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. The only thing you have to remember is the third rule of the modals (always followed by an infinitive)
These rules do not apply with the SEMIMODAL VERBS
The semimodal verbs are those verbs formed by two words:
HAVE TO NEED TO OUGHT TO
These verbs follow the third rule, but not the other two:
1. They need an auxiliary verb
I have to go I don't have to go Do I have to go?
She has to go She doesn't have to go Does she have to go?
2. They add the -s/-es ending when preceeded by HE, SHE or IT
She has to go He needs to go It has to happen
3. They are followed by an infinitive verb, as the Modal verbs do.
I need to go She needs to stay He doesn't have to say it......
You have to remember the rules for the Present Simple affirmative of the verb PLAY, for example.
Nina Simone born Eunice Kathleen Waymon; February 21, 1933 – April 21, 2003) was an American singer, songwriter, pianist, arranger, and activist in the Civil Rights Movement. Simone employed a broad range of musical styles including classical, jazz, blues, folk, R&B, gospel, and pop.
